ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the effect and mechanism of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC)-derived exosomal microRNA-1297 (miR-1297) on hippocampal neuron damage in depressed rats.Methods:BMSCs and BMSCs-derived exosomes were prepared and identified. Rats were first injected with corticosterone to establish the model of depression, and then injected with BMSCs-derived exosomes. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), TNF-α and IL-1β in rat serum samples, hippocampal tissues and neurons were detected. Expression of miR-1297 in hippocampal tissues and neurons was detected by RT-qPCR. A rat hippocampal neuron injury model was established to investigate the role of BMSC-derived exosomes and miR-1297 in neuronal apoptosis and proliferation. The targeting relationship between miR-1297 and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) was analyzed using dual luciferase reporter genes.Results:In the hippocampus of depressed rats, the expression of miR-1297 was low, while the expression of CTGF was elevated. Exosomes derived from BMSCs can inhibit the expression of CTGF by up-regulating the level of miR-1297, thereby inhibiting neuronal cell apoptosis in the hippocampus of depressed rats, while increasing the level of SOD, and reducing inflammatory damage, and ultimately improving the behavioral function of depressed rats.Conclusions:Depressed rats showed decreased expression of miR-1297 and increased expression of CTGF. BMSC-derived exosomes inhibited CTGF expression through up-regulating miR-1297, thereby improving hippocampal neuron damage in rats with depression.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics, imaging features and treatment strategies of pial arteriovenous fistula. Methods From January 2013 to December 2017,12 patients with pial arteriovenous fistula confirmed by cerebral angiography and received treatment at the Department of Neurosurgery,Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University were retrospectively recruited. All patients underwent endovascular embolization with Glubran 2,coil + Glubran 2 or Onyx 18. Some patients underwent balloon-assisted embolization. The embolization effect (complete occlusion,subtotal occlusion,partial occlusion) and postoperative complications were observed. Patients were followed up to evaluate symptom relief and radiological outcomes (previous lesions not visualized by re-examination imaging). Results For the initial symptoms,there were 6 headaches, 3 seizures,2 intracranial hemorrhages, and 1 tinnitus. After embolization, 11 patients had complete occlusion of the fistula and One patient had subtotal occlusion. Six patients underwent balloon-assisted embolization. One patient developed a decrease in muscle strength in the left limb after embolization. There were no deaths. Eleven patients completed the followup. The median follow-up time was 13. 4 (5. 2,26. 7) months. Nine patients had symptoms disappeared. One patient still had headache and 1 patient received oral antiepileptic drugs to control seizures. The fistulas were not visualized by angiopathy in all 11 patients. One patient developed dural arteriovenous fistula and arteriovenous malformation in superior sagittal sinus, straight sinus and sinus confluence. The patient was cured by embolization. Conclusions Pial arteriovenous fistula is a rare clinical disease, which is often characterized by headache, seizure, etc. Endovascular therapy is a safe and effective treatment method.